In 2004, Tanzania had an estimated 85 000 km of classified roads, of which some 5 169 km were paved.

A 1 930 km main road links Zambia and Tanzania, and there is a road link with Rwanda. A 10-year integrated roads programme, funded by international donors and coordinated by the World Bank, commenced in 1991. Its aim was to upgrade 70% of Tanzania’s trunk roads and to construct 2 828 km of roads and 205 bridges.

Steamers connect with Kenya, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Zambia and Malawi. A joint shipping company was formed with Burundi in 1976 to operate services on Lake Tanganyika. A rail ferry service operates on Lake Victoria between Mwanza and Port Bell.

Tanzania’s major harbours are at Dar es Salaam (eight deep-water berths for general cargo, three berths for container ships, eight anchorages, a lighter wharf, one oil jetty for small oil tankers up to 36 000 gross tonnes, offshore mooring for oil supertankers up to 100 000 tonnes, one 30 000 tonne automated grain terminal) and Mtwara (two deep-water berths).

There are also ports at Tanga, Bagamoyo, Zanzibar and Pemba.

There are 53 airports and landing strips. The major international airport is at Dar es Salaam, 13 km from the city centre, and there are also international airports at Kilimanjaro, Mwanza and Zanzibar.