Rwanda’s external trade is heavily dependent on the ports of Mombasa (Kenya), Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) and Matadi (DRC), and about 80% of Rwandan exports and imports pass through Uganda and Kenya.

There are no railways in Rwanda, although plans exist for the eventual construction of a line passing through Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi, to connect with the Kigoma-Dar es Salaam line in Tanzania. Rwanda has access by road to the Tanzanian railways system.

There are road links with Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Internal conflict in 1994 caused considerable damage to the road system as well as the destruction of several important bridges.

There are services on Lake Kivu between Cyangugu, Gisenyi and Kibuye, including two vessels operated by Onatracom.

Kanombe International Airport at Kigali can process up to 500 000 passengers annually. There is a second international airport at Kamembe, near the border with the DRC, and there are airfields at Butare, Gabiro, Ruhengeri and Gisenyi, servicing internal flights.